Covid – 19 Corona Virus Dx Symptoms, Parthenogenesis, Treatment, Family Corona viridae, SS RNA Genome.

#Ranges form: Common cold to middle cast resp syndrome severe acute.

#Zoonotic Disease: esp from civet cars, camels, bats

#Incubation period: 2 – 12 days (Avg 5th day)

#Clinical features: Range from no symptoms (asymptomatic) to severe pneumonia and death.

Symptoms in Decreasing order if prevalenu: –

• Fever
• Dry cough
• Fatigue
• Sputum production
• Shortness of Breath
• Myalgia on Arthralgia                      (Avg. of  5 to 6 Symptoms)
• Sore Throat
• Headache
• Chills
• Nausea & Vomiting
• Nasal Congestion
• Diarrhea
• Hemoptysis
• Conjunctival Congestion

#Pathogenesis:

– Unique feature it causes both upper react infections and low resp.

• Virus attaches to specific cellwar receptors via the spike protein.

• Transformational change, leading to fusion between the viral and cell membrane.

• Release of nucleocapsid into the cell. (Transcription 4 Translation)

• Alteration of DNA and production of proteins and certain specific enzymes.

• Alteration of cell function and production.

• Release of excess cytokines and chemokines acute phase reactants. (IL-1B, IL-6,IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, TNFX, ESR, CPR, Procalcitonin)

#Hyperinflammation

– Cause of death due to complications / effects caused by “Cytokine storm syndrome“

• Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS)

#Who are affected the most/ population at more risk: –

• Immuno compromised individuals

• Chronic disorders: –

• Bronchial Asthma
• Diabetics
• Cardiovascular Patients disorder

– Old age people, Malignancy

#Spread

• Droplet infection (cough, sneeze)     – Surfaces (Tables, Desks etc)

#Screening / Laboratory Analysis

• WBC count may vary      Leukopenia/ Leukocytosis more common (<4000/mm3>

–  sed Lymphocyte count     Lymphopenia (Most common finding)

–  sed LDH levels      (Due to affinity of cytokines for cardiac tissue, hepatic tissue)

–  sed Ferritin Level       (Early finding)

–  sed AST, ALT       (Aminotransferases)

–  ESR, D-Discs, Procalcitonin

# Virus confirmed by RT PCR Technique

# Culture  – not done for precaution purposes.

# Imaging

• CT- Chest, – Ground Glass opacification w/wo consolidation

– Can be found even before onset of symptoms but not specific for COVID -19

#Treatment

– Nothing has been postulate officially

– Hospitalization only for severe cases

• Supportive Treatment

• Maintain Airway, breathing, Circulation

#Corticosteroids Avoided

• Due to potential for prolonging viral replication

Drugs Such as: –

• Toclizumab (IL – 6 Blockade)

• Anakinra (IL – 1 Blockade)

Against effects of cytokine storm.

• Remesivir (in spotlight these days for its effect shown)

Lopinavir / Ritonavir (HIV Tt)         # Anti – Virals, # Anti HIV drugs ] Also used

Favilavir

• Anti Malarial also showed results

• Hydrony Chlorquine (Less coric derivative of chloroquine phosphate)

THERE IS NO CERTAIN SPECIAL TREATMENT PROTOCOL PUBLISHED BY WHO.

Covid 19 PDF File